Thanks!

Urlaub and Dessein’s wisdom reminds me of another great MIT thinker, that of Leo Marx and his Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Idea in America, 1964.

Friction and resistance to technology has always been part of the American story followed by collaboration with machines from which humans gain new skills.

Another result of Deep Blue beating Kasparov was a renaissance in chess learning, made possible by the increasingly affordability of chess computer games that were seized upon by hungry students.

In a similar way, human directed AI can help us enter a golden age of language learning, with educators guiding the way.